华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

海洋能源运输造成环境污染是生态文明建设中面临的重大问题，为实现能源的合理利用与生态文明建设共同推进，应贯彻落实对海洋能源运输环境污染的防治工作。虽然现有规定对海洋环境污染追责的权利主体、义务主体和生态损害赔偿等问题做出了原则性规定，但在实践中的操作性不强，这使得当前油气运输污染追责仍存在追责主体规定缺失、范围不明、赔偿额度难以确定等问题。域外国家和地区明确了追究的责任类型，将追究责任的主体限定在特定范围内，建立了比较完善的追责体系，为我国海洋污染治理立法提供了借鉴。我国海上油气运输环境污染追责任应当明确追责主体，确定赔偿的范围，规定赔偿的额度限制，设立海洋污染损害赔偿基金，完善磋商机制，推动国家海洋污染损害追责体系的完善。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasizes the importance of ecological civilization construction, taking promotion of green development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature as the strategic task of China's ecological civilization construction in the new era,and bringing harmonious coexistence between man and nature into the connotation of “ Chinese-style modernization”. Environmental pollution caused by Marine energy transportation is a major problem in the construction of ecological civilization. In order to realize the rational utilization of energy and promote the construction of ecological civilization, it is important to prevent and control Marine energy transportation environmental pollution. Although the existing regulations have made provisions in principle on the subject of rights, the subject of obligations and the compensation for ecological damage for Marine environmental pollution, the operability in practice is not strong, which leads to problems in the current oil and gas transport pollution liability, such as lack of provisions on the subject of liability, unclear scope and difficulty to determine the amount of compensation. Foreign countries and regions have clarified the types of liability,limited the subjects of liability in a specific scope, and established a relatively perfect accountability system,which provides a reference for our legislation on Marine pollution control. The liability for environmental pollution in offshore oil and gas transport should be clarified, the scope of compensation should be determined, the limit of compensation should be specified, the Marine pollution damage compensation fund should be established, the consultation mechanism should be improved, and the national Marine pollution damage liability system should be improved.