| 170 | 1 | 17 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
哈萨克斯坦作为欧洲和亚洲的桥梁,有丰富的石油和天然气储备,是各国在中亚地区的重要投资地。由于哈萨克斯坦政府对外国资产的违规国有化行为,该国在过去又被视为是国际投资环境不良的国家。哈萨克斯坦政府不仅国有化外国资产,并且不承认国际仲裁裁决,拒绝赔偿外国投资者的损失的行为时有发生。本文将尝试提供此类案件的解决方案,建议适用消极普惠制作为报复手段,促使哈萨克斯坦承认国际仲裁裁决,赔偿投资者的相应损失。
Abstract：Being the bridge between Europe and Asia and having rich oil and gas reserves,Kazakhstan is the country to be invested in Central Asia. However,for the expropriation of foreign assets in the past,Kazakhstan is also known as a hostile environment for the investment. Moreover,the Republic has not only expropriated foreign investment but alsoretused to comply with arbitral awards and compensate to foreign investors. This article is attempting to provide a solution to such cases,and propose a suggestion to apply the Negative GSP as a retaliation method motivating Kazakhstan to comply with arbitral awards and compensate investors' loss.
[1]Department of State,United States of America,Kazakhstan Investment Climate Statement 2015:3.
[2]Kambarov Bulat,Kazakhstan,China Sign50 Billion Worth of Deals in 2015,Ambassador in Beijing Says,THEASTANA TIMES,December 2015.
[3]Republican center of legal information of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan,Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated August 1,2014:874.
[4]Putz Catherine,China Pushes One Belt,One Road in Central Asia,The Diplomat,May 24,2016.
[5]Republican center of legal information of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan,Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated August 1,2014 No.874.
[6]Erik Peterson&Jarrod Hepburn’s Payment Round-up:New Reporting on ICSID Award Debts of Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan and Bangladesh,Investment Arbitration Reporter,December 31,2011.9.
[7]Stanimir A.Alexandrov,Enforcement of ICSID Awards:Article 53 and 54 of the ICSID Convention,6(1)Transnational Dispute Management.2009.
[8]ICSID《公约》,2016年4月10日.
[9]Christopher H.Schreuer,The ICSID Convention:A Commentary,page 1106-1110.
[10]Rumeli Telekom诉哈萨克斯坦共和国,2008年7月29日,ICSID Case ARB/05/16.
[11]Anatolie Stati诉哈萨克斯坦共和国,2013年12月19日,Case 1:14-cv-00175-ABJ.
[12]AIG Capital Partners诉哈萨克斯坦共和国,2003年10月7日,ICSID Case No.ARB/01/6.
[13]The Baker&Mc Kenzie International Arbitration Yearbook 2009,page 204-207.
[14]AIG Capital Partners诉哈萨克斯坦共和国,2005年10月20日,Case No:2004/536.
[15]Alan S Alexandroff,Ian A Laird,COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT Chapter 29:11.
[16]State Immunity Act,1978(UK)(SIA)Section 14(4)“states that the property of a central bank is deemed not to be in use,or intended for use,for commercial purposes”.
[17]Alan S Alexandroff,Ian A Laird,COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT Chapter 29:11.
[18]The Baker and Mc Kenzie International Arbitration Yearbook 2009,page 209-210.
[19]Enron公司诉阿根廷,2008年10月7日,ICSID Case No.Arb/01/3.
[20]Schwebel,Global Arbitration Review.May 12,2010.
[21]Mc Cloure,Mike,Most Favoured Nations Clauses,Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
[22]Office of the U.S.Trade Representative,Executive Office of the President,Expanding Kazakhstan’s Exports under the GSP Program,April 2008.
[23]U.S.Code,Customs Duties,Ch12,Subch5,Generalized System of Preferences,Trade Act of 1974.
[24]The Observatory of economic Complexity,Kazakhstan,atlas.media.mit.edu.
[25]Azurix Corp.诉阿根廷共和国,2007年12月28日,ICSID Case No.Arb/01/12。
[26]CMS Gas Transmission Company诉阿根廷共和国,2007年7月12日,ICSID Case No.Abr/01/8.
[27]Mark Kirk,U.S.Senator,to Timothy F.Geithner,U.S.Treasury Secretary,June 21,2011.
[28]USA-Argentina BIT,November 14,1991(signed),October 20,1994(enacted).
[29]Presidential Proclamation To Modify Duty-free Treatment Under the Generalized System of Preferences and for Other Purposes,The White House,March 26,2012.
[30]Lawrence JC,What Can The EU Do About Argentina's Expropriation of Spanish Investments?European Law Blog,April 26,2012.
[31]European Parliament and The Council,Regulation(EU)No 978/2012 Of The European Parliament And Of The Council,October 25,2012.
[32]Yulisman Linda,Biodiesel makers cheer lifting of Spain's export restriction.Jakarta Post.7 January 2013.
[33]Gallegos Raul,Who won Repsol's war with Argentina?Bloomberg News.November 27,2013.ICSID Convention,April 10,2006.
(1)阿拉木图市坐落于哈萨克斯坦东南部,是哈萨克斯坦规模最大的城市。1998年阿斯塔纳成为首都前,阿拉木图市是哈萨克斯坦的首都。
(2)优惠关税待遇和关税优惠意味着相比对其他国家的商品征收的关税税率,对享有优惠待遇的发展中国家享有优惠待遇的重要商品实施征收更低的关税。
(1)美国法官,前任国际法院院长。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2018.03.014
中图分类号:D997.4
引用信息:
[1]琶克古丽.哈萨克斯坦不承认国际投资仲裁裁决的应对措施[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),2018,No.113(03):105-112.DOI:10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2018.03.014.
基金信息: