华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

以“问题学”为方法，对中国传统思想中的“天”“天命”与“天人感应”作出系统性重估。论证指出：“天”并非实体性的超越存在，而是在“顺从—揭露”的反复逼问中生成的伦理—象征空间；“天命”并非神授规范，而是在持续揭露“伪称天”权力的实践批判中形成，其正当性根植于主体的道德反思。通过对“伪称天”机制的分析，揭示“天”的超越性表现为具有反抗张力的“伦理他者性”，能够制衡任何僭越权威。进一步批判“天人感应”以同构因果链封闭差异的整体化策略，提出应保留问题的开放性，使“天人结构”保持批判与创造的生成活力。创新之处在于以反权威的规范生成逻辑重释“天”之超越性，将其从形而上实体转化为持续运作的批判结构。

Adopting a problem-oriented approach, this study offers a systematic re-evaluation of Heaven(Tian), the Mandate of Heaven, and Heaven–Human Resonance in classical Chinese thought. It argues that Heaven is not an entity-like transcendent being, but an ethical–symbolic space generated through the recurrent dynamic of obedience and exposure. The Mandate of Heaven is shown to be not a divinely bestowed norm, but a practical norm formed through sustained critical practices that expose powers falsely claiming heavenly authorization; its legitimacy is grounded in the subject's moral reflection rather than in any a priori divine grant. By analyzing the mechanism of such false invocations of Heaven, the study reveals that the transcendence of Heaven takes the form of an "ethical otherness" endowed with resistant force, capable of checking all usurping authorities. It further criticizes Heaven–Human Resonance for enclosing difference within a homogeneous causal chain and argues for preserving the openness of questioning, so that the Heaven–Human structure retains its generative vitality of critique and creation. The paper's innovation lies in reinterpreting the transcendence of Heaven through an anti-authoritarian logic of normative generation,transforming it from a metaphysical entity into a continuously operative critical structure.