华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

流氓无产者是资本主义瓦解前资本主义传统时产生的历史现象。马克思指出其虽与工业无产阶级共生于资本主义体系，但本质存在根本差异。前者外在于主流生产秩序，兼具社会寄生性与历史反动性，后者则具有阶级先进性。资本主义社会结构化既需要流氓无产者作为系统冗余的存在，也通过持续的无产者流氓化进程，将反秩序力量转化为消解无产阶级革命潜能的工具。在当代金融资本虚拟化、民粹政治泛化的背景下，作为现代资本主义社会结构化、自我文明化的内在环节，流氓无产者群体非但依然存在，其生成机制反而被统治阶层系统性地利用——既作为转移社会矛盾的缓冲阀，也成为解构无产阶级文明合法性的意识形态武器。这种辩证关系揭示了资本主义统治术的深层逻辑：通过制造结构性的边缘群体实现体系的自我合理化，将阶级对抗转化为群体内部的撕裂，从而在维系资本秩序的同时钝化无产阶级的革命动能。因此，对流氓无产者再生产机制的分析，不仅是解剖资本主义社会异化本质的重要维度，更是透视当代国家治理技术嬗变的关键切入点。

The Lumpen-Proletarian emerges as a historical phenomenon under capitalism's erosion of pre-capitalist traditions. Marx distinguishes it from the industrial proletariat: while both are embedded within capitalist systems, the former exists outside productive norms, characterized by social parasitism and historical reactionism, whereas the latter embodies class progressiveness. Capitalist structuralization not only necessitates the Lumpen-Proletarian as structural surplus population but also instrumentalizes the ongoing "proletarian lumpenization" to neutralize revolutionary potential by converting anti-establishment forces into tools that undermine proletarian solidarity. In the contemporary context of financial virtualization and populist politicization, this group's reproduction mechanisms are strategically exploited by ruling elites—serving both as a pressure valve to divert social contradictions and as an ideological apparatus to erode the proletariat's civilizational legitimacy. This dialectic exposes capitalism's governance tactics: by structurally marginalizing certain groups, the system rationalizes its own perpetuation, transforming class antagonisms into internal fractures to dull revolutionary momentum. Thus, analyzing the LumpenProletarian's regeneration is crucial both for dissecting the alienated nature of capitalist society and for decoding the evolving techniques of modern statecraft, wherein the management of such "structured informality" becomes a linchpin of contemporary state governance.