华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

莫言《生死疲劳》《十三步》《马语》等小说的特别之处在于叙述者由非人类（动物、鬼魂等）承担，这类小说存在典型的主体冲突：叙述者与人物之间的主体冲突产生赘叙，叙述者与隐含作者之间的主体冲突产生不可靠叙述；而小说的人物，与叙述者、隐含作者的主体混杂和冲突，则产生多重声音和主体悬置的特殊效果。莫言在对叙事形式的创新中，探讨了非人类作为叙述主体的可能，具有拓宽非人类叙事观念和反驳人类中心主义的双重意义。

The distinctiveness of Mo Yan's novels such as Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, The Thirteenth Step, and Horse Talk lies in their adoption of non-human(animals, ghosts, etc.) narrators. These works exhibit typical forms of subject conflict: the subject conflict between the narrator and the characters gives rise to redundant narration, while the subject conflict between the narrator and the implied author generates unreliable narration. Furthermore, the intertwining and conflict among the characters, the narrator,and the implied author produce a distinctive effect of multiple voices and subject suspension. In his innovative use of narrative forms, Mo Yan explores the possibilities of non-human narrators, bearing the dual significance of expanding conceptions of non-human narrative and countering anthropocentrism.