华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

马克思的生产力理论是包含多种生产力样态的概念群，为新质生产力的学理化阐释提供重要支撑，当前“新质生产力=物质生产力=劳动生产力”这一流行解读从马克思著作中获取依据，但其是否符合马克思原意需要细致审辨。在关键文本上，马克思对劳动生产力常有简写为生产力的情况，《资本论》法文版纠正歧义表述，不支持物质生产力与劳动生产力等同的观点。在理论用意上，劳动生产力表征政治经济学领域的使用价值生产能力，具体化为特殊生产力、社会劳动生产力与资本的生产力，在历史观领域成为生产关系嬗变的必要不充分条件；物质生产力生成于对生产关系变革充分条件的探讨，作为权力关系的生产关系代表一定阶级或群体的谋生方式，由阶级本身和生产资料所决定，这二者概括为物质生产力概念，从而得出物质生产力决定生产关系原理。因此物质生产力与劳动生产力分属不同论域，二者不可等同；对新质生产力的阐释必须在二者之间严谨选择实现理论自洽。

Marx's theory of productive forces is a conceptual group that includes a variety of productive forces, which provides important support for the theoretical interpretation of new quality productive forces,however, there is currently a popular interpretation believing "new quality productive forces = material productive forces = labor productivity". In the key text, Marx often abbreviated labor productive forces as productive forces, and the French edition of Capital corrects the ambiguous expression, not supporting the popular view; in the theoretical intent, labor productive forces characterizes the production capacity of use value in the field of political economy, and is specified as the special productivity, the productivity of social labor and the productivity of capital, and in the field of the historical perspective, it only serves as a necessary and insufficient condition for the transmutation of relations of production. The material productive forces are generated from the exploration of the sufficient conditions for the change of relations of production, and relations of production as power relations represent the way a certain class or group makes living, determined by the classes themselves and the means of production, both of which are summarized in the material productive forces. So material productive forces determine the relations of production. Therefore, material productive forces and productive forces of labor belong to different fields, and the two are not equivalent.The interpretation of the new quality productive forces must be self-consistent with a rigorous choice between the two.