华北电力大学学报(社会科学版)

果戈理、陀思妥耶夫斯基和契诃夫是19世纪俄罗斯文学中描写"小人物"的圣手;他们以独特的视角和创作,构成了"小人物"灰色人生的三棱镜。俄罗斯文学是沉重的,俄罗斯精神是宗教性的。果戈理在继承普希金开创的"小人物"基础上,将"小人物"深层意识的展示与作者的基督仁爱理想合二为一,寄希望于上帝的拯救;陀思妥耶夫斯基把对"小人物"的内心剖析拓展为多声部的"复调",突出了"小人物"灵魂中谦恭、自我贬抑的宗教意识和宗教人格,寻求在虔诚的宗教信仰下的自我救赎;契诃夫在对传统的宗教信仰和人性发出质疑和反思后,将20世纪的现代意识注入到"小人物"内心精神的创作中。

Gogol,Dostoyevsky and Chekhov are the masters of describing "small potatos" Russian literature in 19th century.They constitute the triangular prism of the gloomy life of "small potatos" by their special perspectives.Russian literature is depressing.Russian spirit is religious.The writings of the three masters have a close relationship with the Russian religion.Gogol explores the very deep heart of the "small potatos" by single tone on the base of what Pushkin created.He combines the display in the "small potatos" deep soul with the writer's kindheartedness.Dostoyevsky develops the inside analysis of the "small potatos" as the "polyphony" style.He give prominence to the modesty and courtesy of the "small potatos" and searches for the self-rescue in the religion;Chekhov put modern awareness in 20th century into the composing of the "small potatos" after his doubt and reflection on the conventional religious faith and humanity.